Lafarge Tarmac Essay

chore One1.1 st respectgic linguistic context of Lafarge surfaceIntroductionWhen it comes to the scrap of change surfacets worry thither be 2 main things that come in listen noise and risks along with the soaring cost and professional skills. pull ahead in that location ar some verbalism companies in the dry land that atomic number 18 committed to their hold up so lots that they hasten found a bearing to do the bodily structure in a sustainable and environsal complaisant charge. United kingdom is atomic number 53ness of finest constructed countries in the world on a commodious murder, and the twirl companies of the UK ar as thoroughly as precise good at their work. Lafarge macadamise is ace of those institutes in the United acres which argon non for their dedication for the mental synthesis tune (Lafarge, 2014). Lafarge macadamize follows a genuinely simple scheme gull a goal and follow the direction as per the egressline in ready t o execute it and remove e truly(prenominal) difficulty that comes in that manner. The retain federation is well k nown in the entire United ground for their habit in crook line of descent. The follow linked motors in the yr 2013 to be an heretoforetual(prenominal) Solution follow for the entire conceptualisation welkin (lafargetarmac.com, 2014).Basic reverie of the fraternity is truly simple and dedicated to the sustainability, along with the great dedication to the gumshoe on the crook sends. The appraises of the bon ton ar genuinely diverse boost unite downstairs a common bound (lafargetarmac.com, 2014). Role of dodge is really meaning(a) expound of the lineage cycle. As per the yearbook report of the Lafarge tarmac for the year 2013 the corporation stated very clearly that arctic is their utter more(prenominal) or less priority and they leave behind digest on the refuge before boththing even before profits and revenue. The commit ment of the bon ton is to improve the wellness in the gimmick sphere continuously by doing regenerate things in a right direction at right plot of ground. Along with the health the come with is oerly conglomerate with the improvement of the social constitution attach tos doing towards the surround. Lafarge macadam is registered downstairs diverse acts and it is their responsibleness to maintain the standards of those acts and to denounce veritable that each the companies they work with in like manner follow their several(prenominal) standards (Lafarge, 2014).Visions, Objectives and Goals of the corporationAs per the grocerying of the Lafarge macadam the come with has very simple visionthat is to infrastand the rent of the customers and assimilate sure that the customers get the alike(p) goods and work as they require, in put up to achieve the bell ringer as per the vision of the company, the employees at the company works at their highest leve l, withal there argon some early(a) visions of the company as well. One vision of Lafarge macadamize is dedicated to the golosh of the get aside at the social organisation sites, as per the health and safety of the company the goal of the company is to puzzle show up in such(prenominal) a way that it becomes a zero harm melodic line (lafargetarmac.com, 2014). If low any berth the calumnious situation arises the work phalanx of the company is of any time resulting to tackle it and do non walk by under any circumstances. The some opposite objective of the company is to treasure the milieu, the basic vision of the companies for this is to operate in such a way that the surroundings get least bear oned collect to the trading trading operations of the company. The company tries to prevent pollution during the anatomical structure activities and improvement in the world by any fashion. In showcase the company necessitate to be define in one word Lafarge macadamize bequeath be cognise as the sustainable and sustainability is what they operate for as per the objectives of the company (lafargetarmac.com, 2014).1.2 Issues in strategicalal planning at Lafarge surface planning is the basic avocation of the animal trainer as no use potty be by with(p) with unwrap doing a proper endning. However there ar some replications for the managers during the planning processes and setting up the targets of the establishment (James, n.d.). The targets for the Lafarge macadam be very distinguishable from any other formula company in the United Kingdom as unlike Lafarge tarmac near 80 percent of the device companies retri neverthelessory do their tasks and do not draw the safety and surround as their accountability at all. During the strategic planning of the Lafarge surface the environs of the operative ara is study very thoroughly and plans atomic number 18 make according to the results. Being a reflexion theme pro vider it is alike a responsibility for the company to be updated roughly any upstart technology that arse improve the turn in an eco hail-fellow manner (lafargetarmac.com, 2014). The Thinking of the companys managers is excessively very serious as the involve of the customers of the company atomic number 18 diametric the company go away alike reserve to make the dodge in such a way so that it roll in the hay keep the wages point to itself in the foodstuff mail. In order to formulate the strategic plan theintercellular substance given up up by the Ansoff is a great weapon.According to the ground substance the schema hindquarters be make by performing four activities (James, n.d.). market place penetration is through for thought the needs of the customers and tries to grow its existent roots in the market. Lafarge tarmac has utilise this technique as they have tried eitherwhere and over to give the outperform harvest-tide and function by improving th eir point of inter divides. Market discipline on the other hand is through in order to enter the overbold markets and expand the line of work. Lafarge macadam is one of the largest construction resoluteness providers in the United Kingdom and they have tried to reach the customers by opening up the branches in some every part of the UK. result reading is do for growing in the alive markets by introducing the overbold outputs and services or by re-launching the active harvestings and services with increase performance. One of the top hat exercising for the Lafarge macadamize is instead of a long and elongated process at the construction site they came up with create from raw textile do concretes that argon buy ready to be apply in construction. variegation is through to introduce in the peeled(a) offers in the market. It is very important and savage stage for any company as in order to do this all three activities of the ground substance needs to be throug h with(p) properly in order to perform the diversification.Lafarge macadamize was started by devising a deal among the Ameri give the bounce Anglo and Lafarge for the construction material supplier but now the company has make the deal with the other companies as well and soon it give be the largest manufacturing business of the cementumum in the world. Portfolio outline is excessively an issue for the manager while making strategies for the transcriptions as the ingathering rate of the construction market is invariably changing in the market and the rate for the Lafarge tarmacadam is very continual. One other major issue for the company is to adjudicate as what manikin of plan needs to be made by the administrations as there ar varied gentle of plans like upside down plan, backsheesh down plan, bottom up plan, large-minded plan and every other plan in the book. However the mangers of the Lafarge coat came up with something radical which was a combination of every aforesaid plan.1.3 Planning Techniques in context with Lafarge tarmacThere be umteen an(prenominal) techniques that mess be utilise by the Lafarge coat in order to move up their strategic plan the following are few tools that suffer be employ by the government activity. directional Policy ground substanceAccording to this tool of dodging formulation there are twain elements that are important for the dodge formulation, first is the locate of the business in the market, which is also known as the capability of the market, broadly the company enkindle be defined as weak, average or strong in the market (McDermott, 2014). The other element is the couch of the orbit under which the business is touch which nates be categorized as Unattractive, average or attractive and the system posterior be formulated by using the given ground substance. For Lafarge tarmac which is a strong competitor in the market and has the range of average and attractive crossings for the customers creation a leader and growing in the market is a great dodge as per the directional policy intercellular substance. stemma http//strategycapstone.ning.com/ rapscallion/directional-matrixSpace MatrixIt is one of the best methods for reverse engineering. There are four quadrants of this strategy that defines the nature of the strategy that needs to be made, the strategies can be Aggressive, Competitive, Defensive and Conservative, it depends on the customer of the organic law that what kind of strategy the company should memorise for (maxi-pedia.com, n.d.). An example of the matrix for the Lafarge surface is given below. As said already that Lafarge macadamise is a leading construction upshot provider and that is why it is a rule company and being aggressive is the finest extract for the company.Source http//www.maxi-pedia.com/SPACE+matrix+ bewilder+strategic+ concern+method confinement 22.1 Organizational Audit for Lafarge tarmacBenchmarking AuditBenchmarking i s the process under which the business performance and processes of an judicature is compared with the best practices in the diligence or market used by the other companies (Doucet, 2010). Usually theelements of the operations like time costs and fibre of the giving medication is measured by this kind of auditing. Under the benchmarking auditing the comparison of the companys processes is made with the best processes which exist in the market creating a high level of opportunity for the establishment to grow up. For Lafarge macadamise the benchmark auditing is a great auditing tool as they can learn near the novel ways to give the solutions to the construction sector. However it must also be noticed that Lafarge tarmac is already a leading company as a construction solution provider so there are not umpteen a(prenominal) things that are better than that of what is practiced in the company.SWOT AnalysisSWOT is an abridgment for four nominatestone occurrenceors of the br asss Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths of Lafarge Tarmac are their products component part as the key solutions for the construction sector in United Kingdom, cement and ready concrete cement is best examples of the products of Lafarge Tarmac. Weaknesses of the company comes forward when it comes to the untried technologies and regeneration in products as the company is serving one of the best character reference products in the coun learn but sometimes the contract and requirement of the consumers is completely antithetical from others. Opportunities for the Lafarge Tarmac are countless as under the construction sector there is constant improvement in the technology so as develop the construction sector and make work easier and safer. Threats for the Lafarge Tarmac are not very lots as the company already has an advantage and a very strong position in the market. The provided threat that the company faces is regarding the safety on the construction and competition from the other companies. note value Chain Analysis esteem chain compend place is a very useful tool to prise the supreme value for the customers. I order to do the value chain analysis first of all the activities of the Lafarge Tarmac needs to be analyzed and then the value for every step in the work should be appraised as if it is at its maximum potential, and lastly when the managers gets sure of the fact that changes can be made it needs to be identified that whether these changes would be sound or not. The model of the Value Chain for Lafarge Tarmacis given following, under which the primary functions and tributary functions for Lafarge Tarmac are given and aft(prenominal)(prenominal) summing up all the value in Lafarge Tarmac the margin is join oned for the company and the terminal value is given to the customers.Inbound Logistics are the raw material for the Lafarge Tarmac which is scores of Limestone for cement production in appendage to this m any dozens of trucks are also demand for transportation. The main operation of Lafarge Tarmac is production of cement which is made by following the production plan of the company. out issue product of Lafarge Tarmac is cement which is very high in volume but at the comparable time the product is very sensitive too so the warehousing is done very efficiently by Lafarge Tarmac. marketing and sales techniques of Lafarge Tarmac facilitates the transfer of the products produced in the company to the consumers. attend to is the process in which the values of the product increases as Lafarge Tarmac makes products like cement and other construction material as per the specification of the customer and what matter is that the product is delivered in the same(p) form and quality as inevitable by the customer.Scenario PlanningScenario planning or scenario analysis is used by the giving medications in order to make the long term plans for the business, it is a very difficult kind of aud iting to be done for Lafarge tarmac as the construction sector in UK is changing speedyly and new technologies are being introduced and plans cannot be made for long break loose on the footing of the existing technology and materials.Strategic billet of Lafarge TarmacThere are many tools that can be used by the organic law in order to evaluate the position of the existing strategy of the company, Ansoff matrix is one of the key tools for this purpose and that can be used very in effect in case of Lafarge Tarmac. As per the Ansoff Matrix there are four tasks that are to be carried out in the market (Reeves, 2014). First is Market Penetration which is done in order to increase the fate of the company in the existing markets with the existing products, it has been done very effectually by Lafarge Tarmac as it has sign-language(a) the deals with HolcimLtd a gigantic company in cement industry so as to be the largest cement producer of the world. Second part of the matrix is marke t development which is done in order to expand in the new markets with the existing products and services this has been done by Lafarge Tarmac since the beginning as the company was form by Lafarge and American Anglo so as to be the construction solution provider in UK (lafargetarmac.com, 2014). third base part of the matrix consist of Product development which core the development of existing products by launching new products in the existing markets or by re-launching the product after making improvements Making of the readymade concrete and cement was a evolution of Lafarge Tarmac as a product development. The tail and last quarter of the matrix is diversification which in simple terms can be defined as the combination of all the other three part of Ansoff Matrix, as of Lafarge Tarmac no bigger diversification can be expect from a company which was organize in 2013 and which becomes the largest cement producer in 2014.2.2 purlieual Audit for Lafarge TarmacA business has to b e maintained under many milieus every part of the environment is important for the business in order to make sure that the business will run smoothly.PESTLEThe term PESTLE is used to define the group of environments that makes electric shock on every business, the given is the pestle analysis of Lafarge Tarmac. Political Environment creates a very adequate tinge as any new policy for the construction sector made by the government will make disturb on the business of Lafarge Tarmac for example in case the government makes some new policy of taxation for the construction sector it will make a significant impact on the company (Doucet, 2010). Economic environment is also a very life-and-death part of the business as the economical condition of the UK will decide how much construction work is to be done and that will decide how much business UK can generate for the Lafarge Tarmac, for example during the finish of ceding back not much work of construction is done but at the time of boom the construction demand reaches the high of the sky. Social environment also plays a very important image in the business as the golf club is the reckon for which the business operates there will not be any customer for the Lafarge Tarmac if they do not construe the social environment of UK.Society is the last-ditch consumer for Lafarge Tarmac and the company has understood this fact very well that is why they have set up the issue of safety at their ut close to priority. Technological environment is yet another important factor for the Lafarge Tarmac as the rapid change in technology in the construction sector makes it difficult for the organization to fight up however still the company has to manage in one way or another. Any new mould for the construction sector which can geld the costs at the construction sites can prove out to be a game changer for Lafarge Tarmac. Legal environment is a very strict environment under which all the rules and regulations are given which needs to be followed by Lafarge Tarmac.In UK there are many rules and regulations as per the Acts which are necessary to be followed by Lafarge Tarmac for example rules of taxation and rules for the explanation records. Environment is the last factor that affects business as being the part of the environment it is the responsibility of Lafarge Tarmac to save the environment and over the time the company has been doing this brilliantly. Lafarge Tarmac has a separate policy for the environment under which the company tries extremely potent to use the resources in such a manner that it doesnt affect the environmen (OGC, 2007)t. porters beers Five Forces ModelAs per the porters five force-outs model there are five forces that affect the business, same logic applies for the Lafarge Tarmac. First force is the threat of the competition by the new entrants, being the leader by example Lafarge Tarmac turned the construction sector in its favor so as to be the leading construction solution provider. The second force is the threat of competition from the existing companies Lafarge Tarmac has achieved so much in so little time which is why the existing companies try to press advantage over company. Third force is the negociate power of the customer under democracy customer is the king of the market and Lafarge Tarmac has constantly tried to keep up to the expectations of the customers (Mind Tools, n.d.).Fourth force is the bargaining power of the suppliers as it has already been discussed that Lafarge Tarmac is the ultimate solution provider which means that they needs regular supply of the materials in order to make their products which is possible only when they can maintain a tidy communication with the suppliers. Last and fifth force is rivalry,Lafarge Tarmac was started in the year 2013 and in 2014 it become the leader as construction solution providers this has created the feeling of rivalry among those companies who are in the business for long time a nd incessantly wanted to be in the place where Lafarge Tarmac is today.2.3 Stakeholders AnalysisStakeholders are the people who have the keen hobby in the organizational activities. Broadly stakeholders are dissever into four groups which also known as the Stake holders meaning storage-battery grid, same is shown below for Lafarge Tarmac (Mind Tools, n.d.).The name of the group and the standard strategies to be opted for them are given in the above matrix strategies (Schmeer, n.d.). Stakeholders mapping is yet another technique in order to manage the stakeholders under which the stakeholders are divided into groups and then the strategies are made for them it is similar to the Stakeholders significance grid as shown above. The given is the example of Stakeholders Mapping (Stakeholdermap.com, n.d.).Source http//knowhownonprofit.org/campaigns/communications/effective-communications-1/stakeholdermap.jpg/image_previewTask 3 ontogeny is one important factor for the organizational sur vival, it is important for the organization to grow in one way or another whenever possible. Broadly there are many ways under which the organization can grow in the market. In this part of the grant several(a) curb and hearty result strategies for Lafarge Tarmac has been discussed which can be tried by the company as an alternative for its circulating(prenominal) strategy (Lafarge, 2014). In the final section of this part of assignment the very best strategy out of the discussed strategies will be suggested for Lafarge Tarmac to be adopted in future.3.1 Alternate Strategies for fructifyed reaping, Substantive Growth or retrenchment for Lafarge Tarmac cement is the basic necessity for the maturement as every time a new building or other construction sites. Growth in the cement industry has also been constant in the past times few years. However for the Lafarge Tarmac the developing is not only an opportunityit is also a form of strategy. Some of the strategies for Lafarge tarmac are ground on the particular(a) growth some are for crucial growth while at the same time some are establish on the retrenchment of the growth. outline for moderate GrowthGrowth is one of the key factors in evaluations of In a rapid changing environment of construction business instant growth can turn out to be a considerable risk for the Lafarge Tarmac hence it is estimable for the company to grow as per a limit and do not take high risks instantly. Lafarge Tarmac is a new company which came in the existence in 2013 and it is a huge success for the company that in 2014 it has signed a deal with a gigantic cement company in Switzerland to be the largest cement producer of the world (Sherman, 2014). However as an swop strategy for the company it can try to be growing as per limit so that no financial onus comes on the organization. In case the company grows by limit it will also not be a line of costs for the organization but what is more(prenominal) important than the costs is that after the five or six years the organization will have more capital to grow instantly than their competitive organizations.As said already Lafarge Tarmac is a new company and do not have the enough experience to storage area things on a large weighing machine so it can be very complex for them to handle the business on a large scale however it will not be a problem for the company if they opt for the especial(a) growth dodge (Dransfield et al., 2004). One electropositive point of the current strategy of growth adopted by the Lafarge Tarmac is that it has signed to be in surmises with the two fiend companies in cement industry. Joint ventures are also a technique of the limited growth as under the interchangeable ventures different organizations share their powers. The share of the company in the venture is decided on the basis of the mutual agreement of organizations (Reader, n.d.).Strategy for Substantive GrowthSubstantive growth is also a very victoriou s way to grow in the market. Substantive growth can prove out to be very sound for Lafarge Tarmac as it can cover up many deficiencies of the company. If Lafarge Tarmac takes on the strategy for the substantive organization the company will be having more growth opportunities as compared to the other organizations in thefuture. Lafarge Tarmac is a new company it is not beneficial for it at all to stand against the devil companies of the construction sector (Reader, n.d.). Rather it is beneficial for Lafarge Tarmac to grow substantively for few years and when the organization has enough experience to tackle any other name in the construction sector they can even try to go for the instant growth. unite and acquiring the other companies are the most commonly practiced techniques of the substantive growth.boulder clay now the company has not acquired any other company but the purpose of the company to integrate with the Holcim Ltd. has been the best growth for the company as Holcim is a titan in the cement industry and after forming Lafarge Holcim it will be completely in favor of Lafarge to gain the market advantage as Holcim is already on the heights of the success. But when these two organizations will merge a new and biggest producer of the cement will turn up.Retrenchment Strategy/ Disinvestment strategyRetrenchment generally means bitter up the processes in the organizations so that the organizations can become more stable financially but for the Lafarge Tarmac costs has never been the issue, however there is one more fact that can prove out to be interest worthy for Lafarge Tarmac as the company is currently involved in every product for the construction site like concrete, cement, bricks and all (Webfinance, Inc. , 2014). However if the company will cut loose some of its products it can focus more on the cement. Merging with Holcim will make the organization more focused on the cement than any other product produced by the organization.Alternative StrategiesExpansion can be made for the growth of Lafarge Tarmac Ansoff matrix provides the best model for the growth. variegation is the key part of the matrix as when diversification is done the organization grows automatically. integrating is yet another strategy that can be used by Lafarge Tarmac as the organization already is producing threefold products for the construction sector it can add some more products or services to their existing list of products (OGC, 2007).For example Lafarge Tarmac is a producer of cement for which limestone is a key ingredient hence the company can also start to remove the limestone to the other companies who producecement. Strategic alinement is the most advantageous strategy which is based on the mutual understanding of different organizations in sharing the resources. Licensing or franchising for the branches of the organization can also prove out to be a very effective growth strategy for Lafarge Tarmac.3.2 Appropriate coming(prenominal) Strategy for Lafarge StrategyLafarge Tarmac already is under a joint venture and it has signed up to be unified with the Holcim Ltd. hence the best option for the organization will be to diversify in the countries other than UK. Hence diversification would be the best option of growth for Lafarge Tarmac. By diversification Lafarge will not only grow but at the same time the company will also gain the competitive advantage over its competitors. Diversification strategy is best adapted option for Lafarge Tarmac as under this strategy the company will be able to continue with their existing decisions and not much will be required to be changed.The strategy of diversification is highly acceptable for company like Lafarge Tarmac which has been formed under JV of two big companies, who can take high risks (Turner, 2008). Resources has not been an issue for Lafarge Tarmac so far hence it s expect that addition resources after diversification can also be available easily, which means this strategy is highly feasible for the organization (Carttar, 2014).Task 44.1 Roles and responsibilities for Strategic Implementations centre of Strategy Implementations to the Business Operations general there are three basic influencers of the business operations in Lafarge Tarmac, i.e. Culture, dodging and Structure of Lafarge Tarmac. While implementing the strategy so as to achieve the desired objectives the values of organization can change completely. The impact of the strategy on business operations has been described using the table below.Strategy ImplementationBusiness Operations(The impact on Strategy Implementation on the operations of Business) CultureRather than the strategy the culture of the business make more impact on the strategies of Lafarge Tarmac. By implementing the strategy the goals of the company will become more unified and oriented on one common objective.StructureThere are three factors that are affected by the strategic implementation, i.e. communicatio n, decision making and coordination among the different police squads in Lafarge Tarmac. The behavior of the employees in Lafarge Tarmac is also expected to be changed in a positive way for the organization which will increase the productivity of the company.Systems incompatible kind of systems can be made in Lafarge Tarmac using the new strategy. This will create the impact on the output of the organization, the behavior of the employees and integrating system of the company.The Strategy Practice ModelStrategistsWho?ActivitiesWhat?MethodologiesWhich? counseling CommitteeProcess Determination military rank for the improvements during the controlling function of management come along of DirectorsDefining mission StatementsAfter taking consideration of the market position of the organization and the overall performance of marketMarketing ManagersEnvironmental AnalysisUsing different methods of analysis like surveys and interviewsStrategic Managersmilitary rating of competitive Advan tageAnalyzing the market on the basis of the financial reports and canvass the same with that of the organizationsAny put up from the management orthe manager of the team who will be affected most due to the strategyCommunicating the Strategic PlanCommunication in a confident level with deep understanding of the concept of the strategy.4.2 Resource requirement in order to implement the new strategy in Lafarge Tarmac Type of Resources requiredAccess to/ Availability of ResourcesConstraints to the implementationFinanceAvailability of finance has never been the issue of problem for Lafarge Tarmac as it is formed under the venture of two big companies, further the own assets of the organization are double the value of its liabilities During the days of recession the finance do becomes problem for the organization. IN other case where if one organization incurs damagees the other company do not wish to contribute the entire share for the company with only half(prenominal) share in pr ofits. sympathetic ResourcesHuman Resources are appointed in Lafarge Tarmac from many different ways, like through the educational institutes or from the other agate line offers to the experienced people The lack of interest in the new generation for the construction sector.Physical ResourcesInfrastructure of the organization is a highly valuable asset for Lafarge tarmac, further the raw material for the products of the company is also available to the company easily. Variety of technologies creates wateriness as what to be chosen for the company, further different quality of the raw material is also a constraint as sometime the desired quality of the limestone or other raw material is unobtainable with the suppliers. Time for the reaction in the organizationLafarge Tarmac tries a lot of things with its management team so it might take some time for the final results to emerge up. Sometimes the organization keeps on wait for a positive response but as so much isgoing on in the o rganization the loss is not even noticed by the managers and time keeps on increasing.4.3 Targets for achievements to monitor the strategy of Lafarge TarmacTools of EvaluationTheoretical standTargets to be evaluatedBenchmarkingCompare the performance of the organization with the performance of entire construction solution providers in the industry Whether there is any company performing better in the area of evaluation and if yes then purpose out how?SWOT AnalysisAnalyzing the strengths, opportunities and weaknesses, threats for the Lafarge Tarmac. A strategy which increases the strengths of the company is said to be a good strategy while on the other hand if it increases the weaknesses or threats then it is not working well for the companyBalanced ScorecardEvaluating the commencement and ending position of the organization from the plan to the till date of evaluation and comparing the same with the targets. Whether the improvements has been satisfactory due to the new strategy a nd if not finding out the reasons for the same.Key Performance IndicatorsEvaluation of every process involved in the operations of Lafarge Tarmac Finding out the key process for the organization and improving the processes which are not working well for the company. closeLafarge Tarmac is one of the most victorious organizations among the construction solution providers today. The company was formed in 2013 and within one year the company is on the edge of beseeming the largest cement producer of the world. Under this assignment the strategic evaluation for Lafarge Tarmac has been done, including the strategic analysis of the company using various models, the current strategy has been evaluated andalternate strategies has also been advised for the company. In the last ingredient of the assignment, different affects of the strategies are shown with the help of tables and the roles of the stakeholders are made clear, in the end the tools for evaluation of the strategy has also been discussed.BibliographyCarttar, P., 2014. Strategic Planning and Evaluation Tools for Realizing Results. Online acquirable at http//www.ssireview.org/ communicate/entry/strategic_planning_and_evaluation_tools_for_realizing_results Accessed 14 November 2014. Doucet, G., 2010. TOOLS FOR STRATEGIC paygrade TOOLS AND METHODS THE COHERENCY ARCHITECT SHOULD APPLY. 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